Units 1--6 复习要点

一、 Language goals 语言目标
1. Talk about how often you do things 谈论做事情的频率。
2. Talk about your health. Make suggestions. 谈论健康话题以及提出建议。
3. Talk about future plans. 谈论未来的计划/打算。
4. Talk about how to get to places. 谈论到达某地的方式。
5. Learn to make invitations, say yes or no to invitations and give reasons.
   学会发出，接受和拒绝邀请并说出原因。
6. Learn to talk about personal traits and how to compare people. 
   学会谈论个人品质以及如何比较人们。

二、各单元短语

Unit 1

1. go to the movies = go to the cinema 去看电影
2. look after = take care of 照顾
3. surf the Internet 上网
4. healthy lifestyle 健康的生活方式
5. go skateboarding 去划板
6. (be) in good health =（be）healthy 身体健康
7. keep healthy = stay healthy = keep in good health 保持健康
8. as for 至于
9. exercise = take/do (much) exercise = play sports = do sports 锻炼，做运动
10. eating habits 饮食习惯
11. the same as 与什么相同
12. once a month 一月一次
13. be different from 不同
14. twice a week 一周两次
15. make a difference to 对什么有影响
16. how often 多久一次
17. although = though 虽然
18. most of the students = most students 大多数学生
19. activity survey 活动调查
20. shop = go shopping = do some shopping 购物
21. do homework 做家庭作业
22. do housework 做家务事
23. junk food 垃圾食物
24. be good for 对什么有益
25. be bad for 对什么有害
26. want to do sth = would like to do sth = feel like doing sth. 想做某事
27. want sb to do sth. = woud like sb to do sth. 想某人做某事
28. try to do sth. 尽量做某事
    try doing sth. 试着做某
    try one's best to do sth. 尽力做某事
29. come home from school 放学回家
30. of course = certainly = sure 当然
31. get good grades 取得好成绩
32. hardly = not nearly = almost not 几乎不
33. help sb.（to）do sth. = help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事
34. a lot of = lots of = many /much 许多，大量的

Unit 2

1. have a cold = catch a cold  = have got a cold 感冒
2. a sore back 背痛
3. neck and neck 并驾齐驱，齐头并进
4. have a stomachache 胃痛
5. sore throat 咽喉痛
6. lie down and rest 躺下休息
7. see a dentist 看牙医
8. drink lots of water 多喝水
9. hot tea with honey 加蜂蜜的热茶
10. a good idea 好主意
12. I think so. 我认为如此。
13. get some rest 多休息
14. stressed out 筋疲力尽
15. a healthy lifestyle 健康的生活方式
16. traditional Chinese doctors 传统中医医生
17. a balance of yin and yang 阴阳调和
18. too much yin 阴气太盛
19. to eat a balance diet 饮食平衡
20. healthy food 健康食品
21. at the moment = now 此刻
22. stay healthy = keep healthy = keep in good health  = keep fit 保持健康
23. enjoy oneself = have a good time = have a wonderful time = have fun 玩得高兴，过得愉快
24. host family 寄宿家庭
25. conversation practice 会话练习
26. enjoy sth. = like sth. (名词)喜欢某物
    enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事
    like dong sth.  喜欢做某事
    practice doing sth. 练习做某事
    mind doing sth. 介意做某事
    finish doing sth. 完成某事
    give up doing sth. 放弃做某事
    can't help doing sth. 忍不住做某事
    keep ding sth. 坚持做某事
    即：practice, mind, finish, give up, can't help, keep 与 enjoy 用法基本相似。

Unit 3

1. babysit one's sister 照顾妹妹
2. visit one's grandmother 看望奶奶
3. spend time with friends 和朋友们一起度过时光
4. go to sports camp 去运动野营
5. go to the beach 去海滩
6. how about = what about  ……怎么样
7. go camping 去野营
   go shopping 去买东西
   go swimming 去游泳
   go boating 去划船
   go skating 去溜冰
   go walking 去散步
   go climbing 去登山
   go dancing 去跳舞
   go hiking 去徒步远足
   go sightseeing 去观光
   go house-hunting 去找房子
   go on a hike 徒步旅行
   go bike riding 骑自行车旅行
   go fishing 去钓鱼
8. do some shopping 买东西
   do some washing 洗衣服
   do some cooking 作饭
   do some reading 读书
   do some speaking 训练口语
   do some sewing 做缝纫
9. how long
1) 多长时间 (询问动作在时间上所延续的长度)
2）多长（询问事物的长度）
10. how far 多远（问路程，距离）
11. how often 多长时间一次（询问动作发生的频率）
12. how much （+ 不可数名词）多少
13. how many （+ 复数名词），多少
14. have a good time = have fun = have a wonderful time = have a great time
  = have a nice time = enjoy oneself 玩得高兴，过得愉快
15. show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb. 出示某物给某人看
    give me the book = give the book to me 给我书
    pass me the cup = pass the cup to me 把杯子递给我
    sell me the house = sell the house to me 把房子卖给我
    buy me a book = buy a book for me 给我买书
    make me a cake = make a cake for me 给我做蛋糕
16. get back = come back 回来
17. take walks = go for a walk 散步
18. think about 考虑
19. decide on = decide upon 决定计划
20. something different 不同的事情
21. a great vacation 一个愉快的假期
22. can't wait to do sth. 等不及做某事
23. a famous movie star 著名的影星
24. an exciting vacation 激动人心的假期
25. ask sb. about sth. 向某人询问某事
26. forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事
27. forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事

Unit 4

1. get to school 到校
2. get home 到家
3. take the subway 乘地铁
4. ride a bike 骑自行车
5. take the/a bus 乘公共汽车
6. take the/a train 乘火车
7. take a taxi 乘坐出租车
8. go in a parent's car 坐父母的车
9. by bike/ bus/ subway/ car/ train 乘坐……车
10. have a quick breakfast 迅速吃早饭
11. the early bus 早班车
12. leave for 起程（动身）前往……
13. take sb. to sp. 带某人到某处
14. doing sth. takes sb. some time/ money 某人花费多少金钱/时间做某事
  = It takes sb. some time/money to do sth.
  = sb. spends some time/money (on sth.)
  = sb. spends some time/money (in) doing sth.
  = sth. costs sb. some time/money
  = sb. pay some money for sth.
15. bus stop 公共汽车站
    train station 火车站
    subway station 地铁站
    bus station 客运站
    TV station 电视台
16. want to do sth. 想做某事
17. walk to school 步行上学
18. in North America 在北美
19. in other parts of the world 在世界的其他地区
20. depend on = depend upon 依靠，靠……决定
21. not all 不是所有的
22. need to do sth. 需要做某事
23. a number of = many 许多（number 前可用 large, great, small 修饰其谓语是复数）
24. the number of … 的数量（谓语是单数）
25. worry about( sth./sb.) = be worried about(sb./sth.) 为(某人/事)着急/担心
26. around the world = all over the world 世界各地，全世界

Unit 5

1. come to one's party 参加某人的聚会
2. on Saturday afternoon 在星期六的下午
3. study for a test 为测验而学习
4. go to the doctor = see a doctor 去看医生
5. have a piano lesson 上一堂钢琴课
6. go to one's guitar lesson/class 去上吉他课
7. much too 太，过于
8. too much 太多
9. Thanks for asking(inviting) me to …. 谢谢你邀请我……
10. birthday party 生日聚
11. go to the baseball game 参加棒球比赛
12. soccer practice 足球练习
13. look for 寻找
14. find out 找到，弄清楚，查明
15. study for the math test 为数学考试而学习
16. play tennis with me 和我一起打网球
17. write soon 尽快回信
18. on Thursday night 星期四晚上
19. be (go) on vacation 度假
20. next week 下周
21. join sb. 加入某人(的行列)
22. a football match 足球比赛
23. keep quiet 保持安静（keep + 形容词表示“保持某种状态”）
    keep + (sb.) + doing 表示“(使某人)不停地做某事”
        keep sth. 保存某物，饲养某物
24. a culture club 文化俱乐部
25. “给某人打电话”的几种说法：
    call sb.(up)
    phone sb.(up)
    phone to sb.
    telephone sb.(up)
    telephone to sb.
    ring sb.(up)
    give sb. a ring
    give sb. a phone
    make a telephone (call) to sb.

Unit 6

1. talk about 谈论
2. in some ways 在某些方面
3. more than 超过，多于
4. in common 共有，公共
5. be good at = do well in 擅长于
6. not as … as … 不如……
7. in school 在校求学，在学校
8. make me laugh 让我笑
9. look the same 看起来一样
10. talk to/with 和……谈话
11. stop doing sth. 停止做某事
12. stop to do sth. 接着做某事
13. begin/start with 以……开始
14. end with 以……结束
15. in the middle of 在……中间
16. swimming poor 游泳池
17. on the other hand 另一方面
18. be good with=get on well with 和……相处得好

三、重要句型

Unit 1
1. －What do you usually do on weekends?
   －I usually go to the movies.
2. －What does he sometimes do on weekends?
   －He sometimes surfs the Internet.
3. —How often do you exercise?
   —I exercise once a week.
4. —How often does she eat vegetables?
   —She eats vegetables three times a day.
5. Most of the students go to the beach every year.
6. It makes a big difference to my grades.
7. My eating habits are pretty good.

Unit 2
1. What's the matter?/ What's wrong? / What's the trouble?
2. I'm not feeling well. I have a cold/ fever/ stomachache/ sore throat.
   / I have a lot of headaches.
3. Maybe you should see the doctor/ dentist.
   You should drink some hot tea with honey.
4. You shouldn't eat anything for 24 hours.
5. Don't get stressed out. It will make you sick.
6. I'm sorry to hear that you are not feeling well.

Unit 3
1. －What is she doing for vacation?
   －She is babysitting her little sister.
   －That sounds nice/ interesting.
2. －When are you going?
   －I'm going on Monday.
3. －Where are they going?
   －They are going to Tibet.
4. －Who is she going with?
   －She is going with her parents.
5. －How long is he staying.
   －He is staying for a week.
6. －How is the weather there?
   －I'm hoping the weather will be nice.
7. He is leaving for Hong Kong the first week in June.
8. Have a good time.

Unit 4
1. －How do you get to school?
   －I get to school by bus.
2. －How does he go to work?
   －He usually walks to school.
3. －How long does it take?
   －It takes about twenty minutes.
4. －How far is it from his home to school?
   －It's three miles.
5. What do you think of the transportation in your town?

Unit 5
1. －Can you come to my party on Wednesday?
   －Sure, I'd love to. / I'm sorry, I have to have a piano lesson.
2. －Can she go to the movies on Saturday?
   －No, she can't. She has to help her mom.
3. －Can you go to the concert on Monday?
   －When is it?
   －It's at four o'clock on Friday.
4. Thanks a lot for the invitation.
5. I'm going to study for a test this evening.
6. What's the date today?

Unit 6
1. Pedro is funnier than Paul.
2. Tina is （a little）taller than Tara.
3. I am more athletic than my best friend.
4. My hair is longer than hers.
5. Liu Ying is not as good as her sister.
6. In some ways, we look the same.
7. For me, a good friend likes doing the same things as me.
8. I'm quieter than most of the kids in my class, and so is my friend.
9. Who do you think should get the job, Ruth or Rose?

四、 Grammar 语法

Unit 1
1. 表频率的词汇和短语：
   always, usually, often, never, hardly ever, sometimes, seldom, once a day,
   twice a month, three times a week, every two weeks, once in a while
2. 做事情的频率（how often you do things）:
   －What do you usually do in the morning?
   －I usually read English books. Sometimes I walk in the garden.
   I hardly ever exercise. I eat vegetables twice a week, but I never eat junk food.
3. 如何提问频率“多久一次” 
      －How often does he play tennis?
   －He plays tennis every day.
   －How often do you drink milk?
   －I drink milk once a day.
   －How often do they go to the movies?
   －Sometimes.

Unit 2
1. 询问别人身体状况：
   What's wrong with you?
   What's the matter with you?
   What's the trouble with you?
2. 提出建议（give advice and make suggestions）
   －What's wrong with you?
   －I have a headache.
   －You should go to bed and have a rest. You shouldn't work late.
   －I have a fever.
   －You should drink a lot of water. You shouldn't be stressed out.

Unit 3
   一般将来时：
1. 现在进行时“be + 动词 -ing”可以用来表示一个在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作。
   －What are you doing for vacation?
   －I'm visiting Tibet.
   －Where are you going on May Day?
   －I'm going to the beach.
   －How many students are coming to out party tomorrow?
   －Fifty.
2. “be going to + 动词原形”表示主观打算去做某事，表示“人”打算，计划，决定要去做的事。
   They are going to travel in China.
   Look at the clouds! It is going to rain.
   －Are you going to be a teacher when you grow up?
   －Yes, I am.
3. 用“shall + 动词原形”或“will + 动词原形”表示一般将来时。
   （shall 只用于第一人称）
   We shall go to the beach this Sunday.
   My brother will finish middle school in a year.
   These birds won't fly to the south in winter.

Unit 4
   谈论如何到达某地，以及以何种方式到达某地。
   －How do you get to the museum?
   －I get to the museum by subway. Sometimes I ride my bike to the museum.
   注意区别：
（1）take the bus = go by bus
eg: I take the bus to get to school. = I get to school by bus.
    take the train = go by train
eg: He takes the train to go to school.    He gets to school by train.
    take the subway = go by subway
    take a taxi = go by taxi
    go in a car = go by car
    ride a bike = go by bike
    walk = go on foot

   How 引导的疑问句：
1. How does Lucia get to work? （提问方式“如何”）
2. Dave is going to travel to Paris by plane. How long does it take?
   （提问时间长短“多长时间”）
3. How far is it from the post office to the museum?（提问距离“多远”）
4. How often does Kate swim in the river? （提问频率“多久一次”）
5. How old is the little boy? （提问年龄“多大”）
6. How many cows are there? （提问数量“多少”many 后跟可数名词）
7. How much water is there in the bottle?
   （提问数量“多少”much 后跟不可数名词）
8. How much is the doll?（提问价钱“多少钱”）
9. How tall is his teacher? （提问高度“多高”）
10. How was the weather? （提问程度“怎样”）

Unit 5
   情态动词“can”表示可能性，或现在决定将来的事。
   练习用“Can …? ”发出邀请，接受或拒绝并给出原因：
   －Can you come to my party on Monday?
   －Sure, I'd love to. / Sorry, I can't. I have to study for a test.
   －Can she go to the movies?
   －No, she can't. She has to do her homework.
   －Can he go to the football game tomorrow?
   －No, he can't. He has a driving lessons.
   －Can they go to the concert tonight?
   －No, they can't. They are visiting their uncle.

Unit 6
   形容词比较级：
   形容词比较级是用来表示事物的等级差别。
I. 形容词比较级的构成：
   规则变化：
1. 一般单音节词末尾加 -er。
   tall－taller great－greater
2. 以不发音的 e 结尾的单音节词和少数以 -le 结尾的双音节词只加 -r。
   nice－nicer large－larger able－abler
3. 以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词，双写结尾的辅音字母，再加 -er。
   big－bigger hot－hotter
4. “辅音字母＋y”结尾的双音节词，改y为 i，再加 -er。
   easy－easier busy－busier
5. 少数以 -er，-ow 结尾的双音节词末尾加 -er.
   clever－cleverer narrow－narrower
6. 其他双音节词和多音节词，在前面加 more 来构成比较级。
   important－more important  －more beautiful
   不规则变化：
   good－better,  well（健康的）－better,   bad－worse
   ill－worse,  old－older / elder,  many－more
   much－more,  many---more,  little（少的）－less
   far（远的）－farther / further

II. 比较级句型：
1. 比较级 + than … ……比……较为
   A + 动词 + 形容词比较级 + than + B.
   两者相比较，A比B更…一些。
   I am older than you.
   Mary is happier than Jane.
   His brother is younger than I（me）.
   My sister has longer hair than Tara.
   Her mother is thinner than her father.
2. as … as
   A + 动词 + as + 形容词原级 + as + B. 表示A和B两者比较，程度相同，“……和……相同”。
(1) My uncle is as tall as your father.  (2) Tom is as honest as John.
(3) My dog is as old as that one.
   A … + not + as + 形容词原级 + as + B. 表示A，B两者程度不同，即A不如B那么……
      My uncle is not as tall as your father.
   Tom is not as honest as John.
   This jacket is not as cheap as that one.
3. the same as 与……相同。
   My friend is the same as me. We are both quiet.
   A good friend likes to do the same things as me.

五、各单元主要句子

Unit 1
1. 你通常在周末做什么？  What do you usually do on weekends?
   我通常打排球。        I usually play volleyball on weekends.
2. 他们在周末做什么？    What do they usually do on weekends?
   他们经常去看电影。    They often go to the movies
3. 她在周末做什么？      What does she do on weekends?
   她有时候看电视。      She sometime watches TV.
4. 你多久购物一次？      How often do you shop?
   我一月购物一次。      I shop once a month.
5. 他多久看电视一次？    How often does he watch TV?
   他一周看电视二次。    He watches TV twice a week.
6. 你每晚睡多少小时？    How many hours do you sleep every night?
7. 好的生活方式帮助我获得好的成绩。Good lifestyle helps me get good grades.
8. 她的生活方式与你的相同还是不同？Is her lifestyle the same as yours or different?

Unit 2
1. 我头痛。                    I have a headache
2. 她胃痛。                    She has a stomachache.
3. 他牙痛。                    He has a toothache
4. 你（她、他）怎么了？         What's the matter with you (her, him)？
5. 他喉咙痛吗？                 Does he have a sore throat?
6. 你应当上床睡觉（躺下休息）。  You should go to bed.(lie down and rest).
7. 他不应当吃任何东西。         He shouldn't eat anything.
8. 她应当去看牙医。            She should see the dentist.
9. 我应当去看牙医吗？          Should I go to see a dentist?
10. 我感觉不舒服。              I am not feeling now.
11. 我希望你快点好。           I hope you feel better soon.
12. 平衡饮食是很重要的。       It's important to eat a balanced diet.

Unit 3
1. 你假期打算做什么？        What are you doing for vacation?
   她假期打算做什么？        What is she doing for vacation?
   她们假期打算做什么？      What are they doing for vacation?
2. 你打算什么时候去？        When are you going ?
3. 他们打算怎样去北京？      How are they going to Beijing ?
4. 你们打算去哪里？          Where are you going ?
5. 他打算和谁一起去？        Who(m) is he going with ?
6. 她们打算在那儿呆多久？    How long are they staying there ?
7. 我打算去拜访我的爷爷。    I am visiting my grandfather.
8. 她打算去野营。            She is going camping
9. 她们打算在家放松。        She is relaxing at home.
10. 我打算在12号去儿。       I am going there on 12th.
11. 他们打算坐飞机去。       They are going there by plane.
12. 他打算和他的爸爸一起去爬山。He is climbing mountains with his father.
13. 她们打算在那呆一周。     They are staying there for a week.

Unit 4
1. 你是如何到学校的？         How do you go to school?
   我骑车去学校。             I ride my bike to school
2. 她是怎样到学校的？         How does she get to school?
   她步行到学校。             She walks to school.\She gets to school on foot.
3. 步行到学校用了你多少时间？  How long does it take you to walk to school?
   步行到学校用了我半小时。    It take me half an hour to walk to school.
4. 从你家到学校有多远？       How far is it from your home to school?
   从我家到学校有3公里远。    It is 3 kilometers from my home to school.
5. 你住的地方离学校有多远？    How far do you live from your school?
   我住在离学校10英里的地方。 I live 10 miles from school.

Unit 5
1. 你能在星期六晚上来参加我的生日晚会吗？
   Can you come to my birthday party on Saturday evening?
   当然，我愿意。Sure, I'd love to.
   对不起，我不能来,我要上钢琴课。 Sorry, I can't. I have a piano lesson.
2. 我不得不去看医生。I have to go to a doctor.
3. 今天是什么日子？ What's （the date）today？
   今天是十四号星期一。It's Monday, 14th.
4. 谢谢你的邀请。Thank you for your invitation.(Thank you for asking/inviting me.)

Unit 6
1. 他的头发比他弟弟的长。He has longer hair than his brother.
   (His hair is longer than his brother's)
2. 她比她的姐姐镇静（更镇静、有点镇静）。
   She is calmer than her sister.( much calmer/a little calmer)
3. Pedro 比Paul 更滑稽。Pedro is much funnier than Paul
4. Tom 比Sam 更健美。Tom is much more athletic than Tim.
5. 在某些方面我们看起来一样，在某些方面我们看起来不同。
   In some ways, we look the same. In some ways, we look differences.
6. Liu Ying 和她的妹妹一样不擅长运动。Lui Ying isn't as good at the sports as her sister.
7. 她比他好多说话。She talks more than her.
8. 她比我更有点外向。She is a little more outgoing than me.
9. 我的朋友和我一样。我们都文静。  My friend is the same as me.We are both quiet.
10. 她比我更高一点。She is a little taller than me.
11. 我认为好朋友能让我发笑。I think a good friend can make me laugh.
12. 对我来说，好朋友要喜欢和我做一样的事情。
    For me, a good friend likes to do the same things as me.
13. 我喜欢有像我一样的好朋友。I like to have friends who are like me.
14. 我喜欢有和我不一样的好朋友。I like to have friends who are different from me.
15. 我认为不同之处对友谊来说是不重要的。
    I don't think differences are important in a friendship.
16. Holly 的最好的朋友喜欢和她做一样的事。
    Holly's best friend likes to do the same things as she is.

六、易混词（组）辨析
1. 频度副词：
   always(100%)→usually(90%)→often(80%)→sometimes(50%)→hardly ever(10%)→never(0%)
   频度副词在句子中的位置为：be、情、助之后，行为动词之前。但sometimes也可以置于句首或句末。

2. 不定代词：
   all(100%)→most(51-90%)→some(1-50%)→no(0%)

3. ※be good for 对……有益，有利于，
   ※be good at 擅长于…… = do well in
   ※be good to 对……友好 = be kind/nice/friendly to
   ※be good with 和……关系好

4. a little, a little bit, a bit
※ 三者都用来修饰形容词、副词的原级时，可以互相替换，此时可以用 kind of。
※ 三者都用来修饰形容词、副词的比较级时，可以互相替换，此时不可以用 kind of。
※ a little 直接用来修饰不可数名词。
※ a little bit 和 a bit 用来修饰不可数名词时，必须先加介词 of。

5. like doing sth, like to do sth.
※ 二者在一般情况下可以互换。
※ 在侧重于指经常性的动作或爱好时，一般用 like doing sth.。
※ 在侧重于指一次性的某个动作时，一般用 like to do sth.。

6. how old, how many, how much, how often, how long, how far, how soon
※ how old“（年纪）多大”，询问年纪、岁数。
※ how many“多少”，问可数名词的数量，其后接可数名词的复数形式。
※ how much“多少”，问不可数名词的数量，其后接不可数名词：询问价钱时直接用 how much。
※ how often“多久一次，多常”，询问动作发生的频率。其答语部分或划线部分可能是：
频度副词 every …, once a week, 或者表示时间的 between … and …, from … to … 等。
※ how long“多长”，询问动作在时间上所持续的长度或者某事物的具体长度。
※ how far“多远”，询问路程、距离。
※ how soon“多久，多快”，询问动作在将来要经过多长时间才会发生。其答语部分或
   划线部分可能是：in + 时间段。

7. too much, much too, too many
※ too much“太多”，修饰不可数名词。
※ much too“太，过于”，修饰形容词或副词。
※ too many“太多”，修饰可数名词（复数）。

8. think about, think of
※ 二者表示下列意义时可以通用：
1)“考虑”。如: Don't always think of/ about yourself.
2)“对……有某种看法”。如：What do you think of/ about the movie?
※ 表示下列意义时，一般用 think of。
1)“想要，打算”。        2)“想出，想到”。 
3)“关心，为……着想”。  4)“想起，记得”。
※ think over“仔细思考，再三考虑”。

9. very, very much 与 much 表示“很，非常”
※ 修饰形容词或副词的原级用 very, 不用 much。
※ 修饰动词时用 much，不用 very，但可用 very much。
※ 修饰表语形容词时，英式英语用 much，美式英语用 very 或 very much。
※ 修饰形容词或副词的比较级时，用 much，不用 very。

10. question 与 problem
※ question 通常是指不需要经过计算而得到答案的问题，如文科方面的语文﹑政治﹑
   历史中的一些问题。常与动词ask，answer等连用。
※ problem 一般指需要经过演算而得出答案的问题，如数学﹑物理等理科中的一些问
   题。常与 work out 连用。
※ problem 也可以指被认为是令人困惑的事物或者难以处理的麻烦事情。
※ 在指需要讨论或解决的事务性问题时，二者可以互换。

11. little，a little，few 与 a few  
※ little 与 few 在意义上均为“很少的，几乎没有的”，表示部分否定。但是 little 只
   能修饰不可数名词，few 则是用来修饰可数名词。
※ a little 与 a few 在意义上均为“有些，少量”，表示肯定。但是 a little 只能修
   饰不可数名词，a few 只能修饰可数名词。

12. listen (to) 与 hear
※ listen (to) “听，倾听”，一般指有意识地注意听，但是并不一定听到了。
※ hear “听见，听到”，指听觉器官接触到了声音，但是不一定是有意识地注意听。
※ hear 作“听说”之意解时，后面通常接一个宾语从句。

13. stop doing sth. 与 stop to do sth.
※ stop doing sth.“停止做某事，终止做某事”，即不做某事了。
※ stop to do sth.“停下来去做某事”。

14. sometime, sometimes, some time 与 some times
记忆：sometimes(有时) some times(好几次) sometime(某时) some time(一段时间)
口诀：分开是一段, 相连为某时。分开 s 是倍次, 相连 s 为有时。
※ sometime 是时间副词, 指不确定的将来或过去某一点时间(某时候或任何时候), 不指一段时间。
※ sometimes 是频度副词, 指“有时”、“不时”的意思(= at times)。
※ some time 是名词词组, 指一段时间(一些时间或若干时间)。
※ some times 指“几次”。

15. maybe 与 may be
※ maybe 是副词,译为“也许、可能”,相当于“perhaps”。如：
   Maybe he can answer the question. 也许他能回答那个问题。
   He maybe is from the USA, too. 他可能也来自美国。
※ may be 中的 may 为情态动词,译为“可能是......”。如：
   He may be from the USA, too. 他可能也来自美国。
16. too, also 与 either 表示“也”
※ too 用于肯定句和疑问句,一般放在句尾,其前常加逗号。如：
   We are in the same school, too. 我们也在相同的学校。
※ also 用于肯定句和疑问句, 一般位于实义动词前、be、情、助之后。如：
   Sandra is also a Korean student. Sandra 也是一个韩国学生。
※ either 用于否定句,一般放在句末。如：
   They don't know the answer, either. 她们也不知道答案。
※ as well 也有“也”的意思。如：
   He is a happy boy as well. 他也是一位快乐男生。

17. other, others, the other, the others, another, any other
※ other“别的，其他的”，充当定语，其后须接名词。
※ others 指其余的人或物，相当于“other + 复数名词”，不能充当定语。指整体中去掉一部
   分后剩余的部分,但不是全部的,即 some … others (一些……其余的人……)。
※ the other指“两个人或物中的另一个”。其复数形式是 the others，强调整体中除去一
   部分后剩余的全部,即some … the others。
※ another 泛指三个以上的不定数目中的“另外一个”。由 an 和 other 合并构成, 所以
   不能和冠词连用。another 修饰单数名词,比如：another pencil. 但是可以接“数次 + 复
   数名词”，如：another two days, 表示在原来的基础上又多出的量。
※ any other 指除去本身以外的“任何其他的人或物”,后面要用名词的单数名词。

18. station, stop
※ station“火车站，公共汽车站，长途汽车站”，有相关的楼长馆所以及工作人员。
※ stop 火车或公共汽车的中途“停靠站、停靠点”，不一定有楼房及工作人员。
19. a number of, the number of
※ a number of“许多，大量的”，后接复数名词。充当主语时，为复数概念。相当于
   a lot of, lots of 或 many。
※ the number of“……的数量”，后接复数名词。为单数概念。

20. in hospital, in the hospital
※ 表示“在医院”时，二者均可用。
※ 表示“（生病）住院”时，只能用 in hospital。
21. must, have to
※ must 表示说话人的主观看法，即说话人主观上觉得有做某事的必要。have to 表示客观需要，
   即由于外界周围的环境、习惯、协约等等诸多客观因素，要求某人“不得不，必须”做某事。
※ must 的否定形式为 mustn't, 但是其意义是“不应该，不允许，禁止”。have to 的否定形式
   为 don't have to，意义是“不必”。
※ must 只有一种形式，没有人称、数以及时态的变化。have to 有人称、数以及时态的变化。
※ 表示“不必”时，还可以用 needn't。
22. join,  take part in
※ join 一般指“加入”某个组织、团体或者某人的行列, 并成为其中的一员。
※ 在正式场合也可以用 join 或者 join in 来表示“参加”（某项活动或比赛）。
※ take part in 表示“参加”活动或比赛。
23. agree to, agree about,agree on, agree with
※ agree to“同意”，后面一般接计划、安排、建议、意见、条件等之类的名词或动词原形，
   且含有愿意协助工作之意。
※ agree about = agree on, 意义是“同意，就……取得一致意见”。后面一般接计划、安排、建议、
   意见、条件等之类的名词时，可以和 agree to 互换。后面接宾语从句时，不能和 agree to 互换。
※ agree with“同意，与……（意见）一致”，后面一般接人。

24. get, arrive, reach 表示“到达”
※ get 为不及物动词，后接地点名词时，必须先加介词 to.
※ arrive 也是不及物动词，后接地点名词时，必须先加介词 in(大地方)或者 at(小地方)。
※ reach 既是及物动词，也是不及物动词。

25. forget to do sth.,forget doing sth.
※ forget to do sth.“忘记要去做某事”，即该事情本来要做，但是忘记了而没有去做。
※ forget doing sth.“忘记做了某事”，即该事情已经做了，但是忘记了，以为没有做。